A Cosmic Smoking Gun: Velocities Reveal a Violent Birth for a Trail of Dark Matter Free Galaxies

This paper reports precise velocity measurements for faint galaxies aligned in a narrow trail near NGC 1052. Five of seven galaxies follow a predicted velocity pattern, strongly supporting the idea that the trail formed in a single high speed collision between dwarf galaxies. The results provide compelling evidence that these galaxies are kinematically connected and formed together without dark matter.